Lovejoy, A. O. The Argument for Organic Evolution Before the "Origin of Species" (II, 1909) 

Lovejoy, A. O. The Argument for Organic Evolution Before the "Origin of Species" (II) / A. O. Lovejoy // Popular Science Monthly. — 1909. — Vol. 75. — P. 537–547.

Abstract:
In the second part of this study, Arthur O. Lovejoy continues his examination of the pre-Darwinian evolutionary arguments. He shifts his focus toward specific naturalists and the conceptual problems they faced when attempting to reconcile transmutation theories with the prevailing scientific standards of the era. By analyzing the diverse and sometimes conflicting frameworks of the time, Lovejoy clarifies the intellectual environment that preceded the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, emphasizing that the transition to evolutionary thinking was a gradual and complex historical process rather than a sudden event.

Keywords:
history of biology, evolutionary theory, pre-Darwinian thought, transmutation of species, history of ideas, Arthur O. Lovejoy, organic evolution.